| Name | Occupation | Birth | Death | Known for |
|---|
| Kurt Alder |
Chemist |
10-Jul-1902 |
20-Jun-1958 |
Diels-Alder Reaction |
| Alexander the Great |
Royalty |
Jul-356 BC |
10-Jun-323 BC |
World conqueror |
| Guillaume Amontons |
Physicist |
31-Aug-1663 |
11-Oct-1705 |
Thermometrist |
| Anaxagoras |
Philosopher |
c. 500 BC |
c. 428 BC |
Matter composed of infinite elements |
| Anaximander |
Philosopher |
c. 609 BC |
c. 546 BC |
First to develop a cosmology |
| Anaximenes of Miletus |
Philosopher |
c. 585 BC |
c. 525 BC |
Aer as the source of all things |
| Edward Victor Appleton |
Physicist |
6-Sep-1892 |
21-Apr-1965 |
Ionosphere, shortwave radio |
| Archimedes |
Mathematician |
c. 290 BC |
211 BC |
Greatest of the ancient mathematicians |
| Friedrich Wilhelm August Argelander |
Astronomer |
22-Mar-1799 |
17-Feb-1875 |
Durchmusterung |
| Aristarchus of Samos |
Astronomer |
c. 310 BC |
c. 230 BC |
First heliocentrist |
| Aristotle |
Philosopher |
384 BC |
322 BC |
Politics |
| Svante Arrhenius |
Chemist |
19-Feb-1859 |
2-Oct-1927 |
Explored electrolytic conductivity |
| Francis W. Aston |
Chemist |
1-Sep-1877 |
20-Nov-1945 |
Invented the mass spectograph |
| Oswald Avery |
Biologist |
21-Oct-1877 |
20-Feb-1955 |
Antibodies and DNA |
| Charles Glover Barkla |
Physicist |
7-Jun-1877 |
23-Oct-1944 |
X-ray scattering |
| Henri Becquerel |
Physicist |
15-Dec-1852 |
25-Aug-1908 |
Discoverer of radioactivity |
| Alexander Graham Bell |
Inventor |
3-Mar-1847 |
2-Aug-1922 |
Inventor of the telephone |
| Boethius |
Philosopher |
c. 470 AD |
524 AD |
Consolation of Philosophy |
| Niels Bohr |
Physicist |
7-Oct-1885 |
18-Nov-1962 |
Father of Quantum Theory |
| George Boole |
Mathematician |
2-Nov-1815 |
8-Dec-1864 |
Inventor of Boolean Algebra |
| Max Born |
Physicist |
11-Dec-1882 |
5-Jan-1970 |
Pioneer of quantum mechanics |
| Ruggero Giuseppe Boscovich |
Astronomer |
18-May-1711 |
13-Feb-1787 |
Theoria philosophiae naturalis |
| Tycho Brahe |
Astronomer |
14-Dec-1546 |
24-Oct-1601 |
Copper-nosed Danish astronomer |
| Percy Williams Bridgman |
Physicist |
21-Apr-1882 |
20-Aug-1961 |
High-pressure physics |
| Ernest W. Brown |
Astronomer |
29-Nov-1866 |
22-Jul-1938 |
Tables of the Motion of the Moon |
| Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon |
Naturalist |
7-Sep-1707 |
16-Apr-1788 |
Histoire Naturelle |
| Edgar Rice Burroughs |
Novelist |
1-Sep-1875 |
19-Mar-1950 |
Tarzan |
| William W. Campbell |
Astronomer |
11-Apr-1862 |
14-Jun-1938 |
Stellar Motions |
| Élie Cartan |
Mathematician |
9-Apr-1869 |
6-May-1951 |
Spinor groups |
| Anders Celsius |
Astronomer |
27-Nov-1701 |
25-Apr-1744 |
Astronomer, invented centigrade scale |
| James Chadwick |
Physicist |
20-Oct-1891 |
24-Jul-1974 |
Discovered the neutron |
| Sydney Chapman |
Mathematician |
29-Jan-1888 |
16-Jun-1970 |
Geomagnetism |
| Carl Charlier |
Astronomer |
1-Apr-1862 |
5-Nov-1934 |
Motion and the Distribution of the Stars |
| William W. Coblentz |
Astronomer |
20-Nov-1873 |
15-Sep-1962 |
Infrared spectroscopy |
| John Cockcroft |
Physicist |
27-May-1897 |
18-Sep-1967 |
Split the atom |
| Arthur H. Compton |
Physicist |
10-Sep-1892 |
15-Mar-1962 |
Discovered the Compton Effect |
| Karl T. Compton |
Physicist |
15-Sep-1887 |
22-Jun-1954 |
Bikini Island atomic tests |
| Nicolaus Copernicus |
Astronomer |
19-Feb-1473 |
24-May-1543 |
Heliocentrist, De revolutionibus |
| Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis |
Mathematician |
21-May-1792 |
19-Sep-1843 |
Coriolis force |
| Willem de Sitter |
Astronomer |
6-May-1872 |
19-Nov-1934 |
Expanding space |
| Peter Debye |
Physicist |
24-Mar-1884 |
2-Nov-1966 |
Studied molecular structure, dipoles |
| Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Delambre |
Astronomer |
19-Sep-1749 |
19-Aug-1822 |
Histoire de l'Astronomie |
| Joseph-Nicolas Delisle |
Astronomer |
4-Apr-1688 |
11-Sep-1768 |
Founded St. Petersburg observatory |
| Democritus |
Philosopher |
c. 460 BC |
c. 370 BC |
Early atomic theorist |
| Henri Alexandre Deslandres |
Astronomer |
24-Jul-1853 |
15-Jan-1948 |
Spectroheliograph |
| Christian Doppler |
Physicist |
29-Nov-1803 |
17-Mar-1853 |
Discovered the Doppler Effect |
| Frank W. Dyson |
Astronomer |
8-Jan-1868 |
25-May-1939 |
Six pips on the BBC |
| Arthur Eddington |
Astronomer |
28-Dec-1882 |
22-Nov-1944 |
Eddington luminosity |
| Robert Emden |
Mathematician |
4-Mar-1862 |
8-Oct-1940 |
Stellar structure |
| Epimenides |
Poet |
fl. 6th c. BC |
fl. 6th c. BC |
Deep-sleep prophet of Crete |
| Eratosthenes |
Mathematician |
276 BC |
194 BC |
First to measure the Earth |
| Euclid |
Mathematician |
c. 365 BC |
c. 275 BC |
Father of geometry |
| Eudoxus of Cnidus |
Mathematician |
c. 390 BC |
c. 340 BC |
Influential Greek mathematician |
| Emil Fischer |
Chemist |
9-Oct-1852 |
15-Jul-1919 |
Peptide bond |
| Hans Fischer |
Chemist |
27-Jul-1881 |
31-Mar-1945 |
Synthesized hemin |
| Alfred Fowler |
Astronomer |
22-Mar-1868 |
24-Jun-1940 |
Celestial spectroscopy |
| James Franck |
Physicist |
26-Aug-1882 |
21-May-1964 |
Franck-Hertz experiment |
| Yuri Gagarin |
Astronaut |
9-Mar-1934 |
27-Mar-1968 |
First person to orbit earth |
| Galen |
Doctor |
129 AD |
c. 216 AD |
The medical authority for over 1000 years |
| Charles Édouard Guillaume |
Physicist |
15-Feb-1861 |
13-Jun-1938 |
Invented alloys Invar and Elinvar |
| Fritz Haber |
Chemist |
9-Dec-1868 |
29-Jan-1934 |
Synthesized ammonia, chemical warfare |
| J. B. S. Haldane |
Biologist |
5-Nov-1892 |
1-Dec-1964 |
Haldane's principle |
| Christopher Hansteen |
Astronomer |
26-Sep-1784 |
15-Apr-1873 |
Studied terrestrial magnetism |
| Arthur Harden |
Chemist |
12-Oct-1865 |
17-Jun-1940 |
Enzymes of sugar fermentation |
| Oliver Heaviside |
Engineer |
18-May-1850 |
3-Feb-1925 |
Kennelly-Heaviside layer |
| Louis Henyey |
Astronomer |
3-Feb-1910 |
18-Feb-1970 |
Henyey method |
| Heraclitus |
Philosopher |
c. 540 BC |
c. 480 BC |
Fire-centric theory of the universe |
| Herodotus |
Historian |
c. 484 BC |
c, 425 BC |
The Histories |
| Caroline Herschel |
Astronomer |
16-Mar-1750 |
9-Jan-1848 |
Astronomer, sister of William |
| Ejnar Hertzsprung |
Astronomer |
8-Oct-1873 |
21-Oct-1967 |
Hertzsprung-Russell diagram |
| George de Hevesy |
Chemist |
1-Aug-1885 |
5-Jul-1966 |
Radioisotope researcher |
| Jaroslav Heyrovsky |
Chemist |
20-Dec-1890 |
27-Mar-1967 |
Polarography |
| David Hilbert |
Mathematician |
23-Jan-1862 |
14-Feb-1943 |
Hilbert Space |
| George W. Hill |
Astronomer |
3-Mar-1838 |
16-Apr-1914 |
A New Theorie of Jupiter and Saturn |
| Hipparchus |
Astronomer |
c. 190 BC |
c. 120 BC |
Cataloguer of stars, trigonometrist |
| Hippocrates |
Doctor |
c. 460 BC |
c. 377 BC |
Father of Medicine |
| Jacobus H. van 't Hoff |
Chemist |
30-Aug-1852 |
1-Mar-1911 |
Three-dimensional molecular properties |
| William Huggins |
Astronomer |
7-Feb-1824 |
12-May-1910 |
Spectrographic astronomy pioneer |
| Hypatia of Alexandria |
Curator |
c. 370 AD |
Mar-415 AD |
Librarian of Alexandria |
| Pierre Janssen |
Astronomer |
22-Feb-1824 |
23-Dec-1907 |
Solar observer |
| James H. Jeans |
Astronomer |
11-Sep-1877 |
16-Sep-1946 |
Continuous creation theory |
| Frédéric Joliot |
Physicist |
19-Mar-1900 |
14-Aug-1958 |
Artificial radioactivity |
| Jacobus C. Kapteyn |
Astronomer |
19-Jan-1851 |
18-Jun-1922 |
Star streaming |
| Theodore von Kármán |
Mathematician |
11-May-1881 |
7-May-1963 |
Kármán vortices |
| Paul Karrer |
Chemist |
21-Apr-1889 |
18-Jun-1971 |
Synthesized vitamins A, B2, E, and K |
| Friedrich August Kekulé |
Chemist |
7-Sep-1829 |
13-Jul-1896 |
Theory of chemical structure |
| Robert Koch |
Doctor |
11-Dec-1843 |
27-May-1910 |
Germ theory of disease |
| Hendrik Kramers |
Physicist |
17-Feb-1894 |
24-Apr-1952 |
Kramers dispersion theory |
| Lev Landau |
Physicist |
22-Jan-1908 |
1-Apr-1968 |
Superfluidity of helium |
| Jonathan Homer Lane |
Astronomer |
9-Aug-1819 |
3-May-1880 |
Gravitational equilibrium of the Sun |
| Irving Langmuir |
Chemist |
31-Jan-1881 |
16-Aug-1957 |
Inventor of the high-vacuum tube |
| Max von Laue |
Physicist |
9-Oct-1879 |
23-Apr-1960 |
X-ray crystallography |
| Ernest Lawrence |
Physicist |
8-Aug-1901 |
27-Aug-1958 |
Inventor of the cyclotron |
| Henrietta Swan Leavitt |
Astronomer |
4-Jul-1868 |
12-Dec-1921 |
Cepheid variable |
| Leucippus |
Philosopher |
fl 5th c. BC |
fl. 5th c. BC |
Father of Atomism |
| Armin O. Leuschner |
Astronomer |
16-Jan-1868 |
22-Apr-1953 |
Astronomer at Berkeley |
| James Lick |
Business |
25-Aug-1796 |
1-Oct-1876 |
Lick Observatory |
| Bertil Lindblad |
Astronomer |
26-Nov-1895 |
25-Jun-1965 |
Spiral structure of the galaxy |
| Hendrik Lorentz |
Physicist |
18-Jul-1853 |
4-Feb-1928 |
Electrons |
| Lise Meitner |
Physicist |
7-Nov-1878 |
27-Oct-1968 |
Discovered nuclear fission |
| Gregor Mendel |
Scientist |
22-Jul-1822 |
6-Jan-1884 |
Discovered the laws of inheritance |
| Paul W. Merrill |
Astronomer |
15-Aug-1887 |
19-Jul-1961 |
S-process of nucleosynthesis |
| Charles Messier |
Astronomer |
26-Jun-1730 |
12-Apr-1817 |
Cataloguer of M objects |
| E. Arthur Milne |
Mathematician |
14-Feb-1896 |
21-Sep-1950 |
Kinematic relativity |
| Hermann Minkowski |
Mathematician |
22-Jun-1864 |
12-Jan-1909 |
Minkowski space |
| Rudolph Minkowski |
Astronomer |
28-May-1895 |
4-Jan-1976 |
Galaxies in collision |
| Marcel Minnaert |
Astronomer |
12-Feb-1893 |
26-Oct-1970 |
Solar spectrophotometry |
| Samuel F. B. Morse |
Inventor |
27-Apr-1791 |
2-Apr-1872 |
Telegraph inventor and publicist |
| Walther Nernst |
Chemist |
25-Jun-1864 |
18-Nov-1941 |
Third Law of Thermodynamics |
| Simon Newcomb |
Astronomer |
12-Mar-1835 |
11-Jul-1909 |
Nautical Almanac |
| Isaac Newton |
Physicist |
4-Jan-1643 |
31-Mar-1727 |
Father of the clockwork universe |
| Seth Barnes Nicholson |
Astronomer |
12-Nov-1891 |
2-Jul-1963 |
Four satellites of Jupiter |
| Wilhelm Olbers |
Astronomer |
11-Oct-1758 |
2-Mar-1840 |
Studied asteroids, comets |
| Jack Parsons |
Scientist |
2-Oct-1914 |
17-Jul-1952 |
Satanic rocket scientist |
| Wolfgang Pauli |
Physicist |
25-Apr-1900 |
15-Dec-1958 |
Pauli Exclusion Principle |
| Nicholas Claude Fabri de Peiresc |
Astronomer |
1-Dec-1580 |
24-Jun-1637 |
Discovered Orion Nebula |
| Max Planck |
Physicist |
23-Apr-1858 |
4-Oct-1947 |
Originator of quantum theory |
| John S. Plaskett |
Astronomer |
17-Nov-1865 |
17-Oct-1941 |
Plaskett's star |
| Plato |
Philosopher |
c. 427 BC |
c. 347 BC |
The Republic |
| Ludwig Prandtl |
Physicist |
4-Feb-1875 |
15-Aug-1953 |
Father of Aerodynamics |
| Ptolemy |
Astronomer |
c. 87 AD |
c. 150 AD |
Egyptian geographer and astronomer |
| Pythagoras |
Mathematician |
c. 580 BC |
c. 500 BC |
Pythagorean Theorem |
| Lord Rayleigh |
Physicist |
12-Nov-1842 |
30-Jun-1919 |
Why the sky is blue |
| Owen Willans Richardson |
Physicist |
26-Apr-1879 |
15-Feb-1959 |
Electron emissions of metals |
| David Rittenhouse |
Astronomer |
8-Apr-1732 |
26-Jun-1796 |
Early Pennsylvania scientist and statesman |
| Benjamin Count Rumford |
Scientist |
26-Mar-1753 |
21-Aug-1814 |
Established the Rumford Medal |
| Sappho |
Poet |
fl. c. 610 BC |
fl. c. 580 BC |
The Tenth Muse |
| Frank Schlesinger |
Astronomer |
11-May-1871 |
10-Jul-1943 |
Stellar parallaxes |
| Erwin Schrödinger |
Physicist |
12-Aug-1887 |
4-Jan-1961 |
Schrödinger's wave equation |
| Frederick Hanley Seares |
Astronomer |
17-May-1873 |
20-Jul-1964 |
Astronomer at Mt. Wilson Observatory |
| Ernest Shackleton |
Explorer |
15-Feb-1874 |
5-Jan-1922 |
Antarctic explorer |
| V. M. Slipher |
Astronomer |
11-Nov-1875 |
8-Nov-1969 |
Interstellar dust |
| Frederick Soddy |
Chemist |
2-Sep-1877 |
22-Sep-1956 |
Isotopes |
| Sophocles |
Playwright |
c. 496 BC |
406 BC |
Oedipus the King |
| Harold Spencer Jones |
Astronomer |
29-Mar-1890 |
3-Nov-1960 |
10th Royal Astronomer of England |
| Johannes Stark |
Physicist |
15-Apr-1874 |
21-Jun-1957 |
Discovered the Stark Effect |
| Otto Struve |
Astronomer |
12-Aug-1897 |
6-Apr-1963 |
Hydrogen in the interstellar medium |
| Ambrose Swasey |
Business |
19-Dec-1846 |
15-Jun-1937 |
Warner and Swasey Company and Observatory |
| Leo Szilard |
Physicist |
11-Feb-1898 |
30-May-1964 |
Nuclear chain reaction |
| Igor Y. Tamm |
Physicist |
8-Jul-1895 |
12-Apr-1971 |
Cherenkov radiation |
| Brook Taylor |
Mathematician |
18-Aug-1685 |
29-Dec-1731 |
Calculus of Finite Differences |
| Arne Tiselius |
Chemist |
10-Aug-1902 |
29-Aug-1971 |
Electrophoresis |
| Herbert Hall Turner |
Astronomer |
13-Aug-1861 |
20-Aug-1930 |
Stellar positions |
| Harold C. Urey |
Chemist |
29-Apr-1893 |
5-Jan-1981 |
Discovered Deuterium |
| Artturi Virtanen |
Chemist |
15-Jan-1895 |
11-Nov-1973 |
AIV method of fodder preservation |
| Wernher von Braun |
Scientist |
23-Mar-1912 |
16-Jun-1977 |
German-American rocket scientist |
| John von Neumann |
Mathematician |
28-Dec-1903 |
8-Feb-1957 |
Computing pioneer, inventor of Game Theory |
| James Craig Watson |
Astronomer |
28-Jan-1838 |
23-Nov-1880 |
Claimed to discover the planet Vulcan |
| Alfred Wegener |
Scientist |
1-Nov-1880 |
Nov-1930 |
Continental drift |
| Norbert Wiener |
Mathematician |
26-Nov-1894 |
18-Mar-1964 |
Cybernetics |
| C. T. R. Wilson |
Physicist |
14-Feb-1869 |
15-Nov-1959 |
Cloud chamber |
| Xenophanes |
Poet |
c. 560 BC |
c. 478 BC |
Pre-Socratic, early monotheist |
| Frits Zernike |
Physicist |
16-Jul-1888 |
10-Mar-1966 |
Phase-contrast microscope |
| Richard Zsigmondy |
Chemist |
1-Apr-1865 |
23-Sep-1929 |
Ultramicroscope |
| Fritz Zwicky |
Astronomer |
14-Feb-1898 |
8-Feb-1974 |
Astrophysicist at CalTech |
