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National Academy of Sciences

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION

Founded by request of President Abraham Lincoln and an act of Congress on 3 March 1863.

Official Website:
http://www.nationalacademies.org/nas/

Founding Date:
3-Mar-1863

NameOccupationBirthDeathKnown for
Cleveland Abbe
Physicist
3-Dec-1838 28-Oct-1916 America's first weatherman
Charles Greeley Abbot
Astronomer
31-May-1872 17-Dec-1973 Solar energy
Alexei A. Abrikosov
Physicist
25-Jun-1928   Particle physicist, explored superconductivity
Roger Adams
Chemist
2-Jan-1889 6-Jul-1971 Organic chemist at Illinois
Walter S. Adams
Astronomer
20-Dec-1876 11-May-1956 Long-time director of Mt. Wilson Observatory
Peter Agre
Biologist
30-Jan-1949   Water channels of cell membranes
George A. Akerlof
Economist
17-Jun-1940   Asymmetric markets
William Foxwell Albright
Archaeologist
24-May-1891 19-Sep-1971 Biblical archaeologist at Johns Hopkins
Zhores I. Alferov
Scientist
15-Mar-1930   Developed solar cells for the Sputnik program
Hannes Alfvén
Physicist
30-May-1908 2-Apr-1995 Renegade Swedish astrophysicist
Graham T. Allison
Scholar
23-Mar-1940   Kennedy School of Government
Sidney Altman
Chemist
7-May-1939   Proved enzyme role of RNA
Luis W. Alvarez
Physicist
13-Jun-1911 1-Sep-1988 Particle accelerator, extinction of dinosaurs
Carl David Anderson
Physicist
3-Sep-1905 11-Jan-1991 Discovered the positron, mu-meson
Philip W. Anderson
Physicist
13-Dec-1923   Solid state physics
Christian Anfinsen
Chemist
26-Mar-1916 14-May-1995 Protein structure and folding
Daniel I. Arnon
Biologist
14-Nov-1910 20-Dec-1994 Photophosphorylation
Kenneth J. Arrow
Economist
23-Aug-1921   Social Choice and Individual Values
Robert J. Aumann
Economist
8-Jun-1930   Game theorist
Oswald Avery
Biologist
21-Oct-1877 20-Feb-1955 Antibodies and DNA
Richard Axel
Scientist
2-Jul-1946   Odorant receptors and olfactory organization
Harold D. Babcock
Astronomer
24-Jan-1882 8-Apr-1968 Solar radiation
Horace W. Babcock
Astronomer
13-Sep-1912 29-Aug-2003 Adaptive optics and the Babcock Model
Alexander Dallas Bache
Physicist
19-Jul-1806 17-Feb-1867 First President, National Academy of Sciences
Leo Baekeland
Scientist
14-Nov-1863 23-Feb-1944 Father of plastics
Kenneth Bainbridge
Physicist
27-Jul-1904 14-Jul-1996 Director of the Trinity atomic test
David Baltimore
Biologist
7-Mar-1938   Co-Discoverer, reverse transcriptase
John Bardeen
Physicist
23-May-1908 30-Jan-1991 Co-Inventor of the transistor
Edward Barnard
Astronomer
16-Dec-1857 16-Feb-1923 Self-taught scientist
Derek Barton
Chemist
8-Sep-1918 16-Mar-1998 Conformational analysis
Jacqueline K. Barton
Chemist
7-May-1952   Professor of Chemistry at CalTech
David Bates
Astronomer
18-Nov-1916 5-Jan-1994 Atmospheric and interstellar physics
Donald R. Beall
Business
c. 1939   CEO of Rockwell, 1988-98
Gary S. Becker
Economist
2-Dec-1930 3-May-2014 Human Capital
Arnold Beckman
Inventor
10-Apr-1900 18-May-2004 Philanthropist who invented pH meter
Baruj Benacerraf
Scientist
29-Oct-1920 2-Aug-2011 Gene control of HLA antigens
Paul Berg
Chemist
30-Jun-1926   Pioneer in recombinant DNA
Sune K. Bergström
Scientist
10-Jan-1916 15-Aug-2004 Prostaglandins
Lipman Bers
Mathematician
22-May-1914 29-Oct-1993 Riemann surfaces
Hans Bethe
Physicist
2-Jul-1906 6-Mar-2005 Atomic scientist
Bruce A. Beutler
Biologist
29-Dec-1957   Lipopolysaccharide receptors
John S. Billings
Administrator
12-Apr-1838 11-Mar-1913 New York Public Library
Robert J. Birgeneau
Educator
1942   Chancellor, UC Berkeley
George David Birkhoff
Mathematician
21-Mar-1884 12-Nov-1944 Modern theory of dynamical systems
J. Michael Bishop
Scientist
22-Feb-1936   Genetic causes of cancer
Elizabeth H. Blackburn
Scientist
26-Nov-1948   Co-Discoverer of telomerase
David H. Blackwell
Mathematician
24-Apr-1919 8-Jul-2010 Bayesian statistics
Alfred Blalock
Doctor
5-Apr-1899 15-Sep-1964 "Blue baby" operation
Rebecca M. Blank
Economist
19-Sep-1955   Council of Economic Advisers, 1998-99
Günter Blobel
Scientist
21-May-1936   Protein signaling in cells
Felix Bloch
Physicist
23-Oct-1905 10-Sep-1983 Nuclear magnetic resonance
Konrad Bloch
Scientist
21-Jan-1912 15-Oct-2000 Cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism
Nicolaas Bloembergen
Physicist
11-Mar-1920   Nonlinear optics
Baruch S. Blumberg
Scientist
28-Jul-1925 5-Apr-2011 Hepatitis B vaccine
Bart Jan Bok
Astronomer
28-Apr-1906 5-Aug-1983 Bok globules
John G. Bolton
Astronomer
5-Jun-1922 6-Jul-1993 First Director of Parkes Observatory
Jules Bordet
Scientist
13-Jun-1870 6-Apr-1961 Researched antibodies and antigens
Edwin G. Boring
Psychologist
23-Oct-1886 1-Jul-1968 A History of Experimental Psychology
Kenneth E. Boulding
Economist
18-Jan-1910 18-Mar-1993 The Image: Knowledge of Life in Society
Ira S. Bowen
Astronomer
21-Dec-1898 6-Feb-1973 Debunked nebulium
Herbert W. Boyer
Biologist
10-Jul-1936   Recombinant DNA, first synthetic insulin
Paul D. Boyer
Chemist
31-Jul-1918   ATP process
Walter H. Brattain
Physicist
10-Feb-1902 13-Oct-1987 Co-Inventor of the transistor
James Henry Breasted
Archaeologist
27-Aug-1865 2-Dec-1935 A History of Egypt
Gregory Breit
Physicist
14-Jul-1899 11-Sep-1981 Proton-proton dispersion
Percy Williams Bridgman
Physicist
21-Apr-1882 20-Aug-1961 High-pressure physics
Wallace R. Brode
Chemist
12-Jun-1900 10-Aug-1974 Absorption spectra of dyes
Louis de Broglie
Physicist
15-Aug-1892 19-Mar-1987 Discovered the wave nature of electrons
Fred Brooks
Computer Programmer
19-Apr-1931   Father of the IBM System 360
Dirk Brouwer
Astronomer
1-Sep-1902 31-Jan-1966 Celestial mechanics
Ernest W. Brown
Astronomer
29-Nov-1866 22-Jul-1938 Tables of the Motion of the Moon
Herbert C. Brown
Chemist
22-May-1912 19-Dec-2004 Discovered organoboranes
Michael S. Brown
Biologist
13-Apr-1941   Metabolism of cholesterol
Robert A. Brown
Educator
22-Jul-1951   President, Boston University
Linda B. Buck
Biologist
29-Jan-1947   Odorant receptors and olfactory organization
E. Margaret Burbidge
Astronomer
12-Aug-1919   Synthesis of the elements in stars
Frank Macfarlane Burnet
Scientist
3-Sep-1899 31-Aug-1985 Acquired immunological tolerance
Vannevar Bush
Scientist
11-Mar-1890 30-Jun-1974 Pre-internet visionary
Robert N. Butler
Doctor
21-Jan-1927 4-Jul-2010 Expert on aging
Melvin Calvin
Chemist
8-Apr-1911 8-Jan-1997 Deciphered photosynthesis
William W. Campbell
Astronomer
11-Apr-1862 14-Jun-1938 Stellar Motions
Claude R. Canizares
Physicist
1945   Bruno Rossi Professor of Physics
Walter Bradford Cannon
Scientist
19-Oct-1871 1-Oct-1945 Fight or flight response
Nancy Cantor
Educator
c. 1952   Chancellor, Syracuse University
Mario Capecchi
Scientist
6-Oct-1937   Knock-out mice
Anton J. Carlson
Biologist
29-Jan-1875 2-Sep-1956 The Machinery of the Body
Arvid Carlsson
Scientist
25-Jan-1923   Signal transduction in the nervous system
Wallace Hume Carothers
Chemist
27-Apr-1896 29-Apr-1937 Inventor of Nylon
Henri Cartan
Mathematician
8-Jul-1904 13-Aug-2008 Leader of the math Bourbakistes
James McKeen Cattell
Psychologist
24-May-1860 20-Jan-1944 Academic freedom
Thomas R. Cech
Chemist
8-Dec-1947   Proved enzyme role of RNA
Ananda M. Chakrabarty
Scientist
4-Apr-1938   Oil-eating bacteria
Martin Chalfie
Scientist
1947   Green Fluorescent Protein
Owen Chamberlain
Physicist
10-Jul-1920 28-Feb-2006 Co-Discoverer of the antiproton
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
Astronomer
19-Oct-1910 21-Aug-1995 Evolutionary stages of stars
Sydney Chapman
Mathematician
29-Jan-1888 16-Jun-1970 Geomagnetism
Erwin Chargaff
Biologist
11-Aug-1905 20-Jun-2002 Biochemist at Columbia University
Jule Charney
Scientist
1-Jan-1917 16-Jun-1981 Quasi-gesotrophic theory
Noam Chomsky
Linguist
7-Dec-1928   Linguist, dissident intellectual
Steven Chu
Physicist
28-Feb-1948   US Secretary of Energy, 2009-13
Alonzo Church
Mathematician
14-Jun-1903 11-Aug-1995 Lambda calculus, Church-Turing thesis
Aaron Ciechanover
Scientist
1-Oct-1947   Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
William W. Coblentz
Astronomer
20-Nov-1873 15-Sep-1962 Infrared spectroscopy
Stanley Cohen
Scientist
17-Nov-1922   Nerve and skin cell growth factors
Stanley N. Cohen
Biologist
17-Feb-1935   Recombinant DNA
Stephen P. Cohen
Scholar
c. 1946   Foreign policy analyst
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
Physicist
1-Apr-1933   Trapped atoms with laser light
James S. Coleman
Sociologist
12-May-1926 25-Mar-1995 Foundations of Social Theory
Francis Collins
Scientist
14-Apr-1950   Human Genome Project
Samuel C. Collins
Chemist
28-Dec-1898 19-Jun-1984 Collins-type cryocooler
Arthur H. Compton
Physicist
10-Sep-1892 15-Mar-1962 Discovered the Compton Effect
Karl T. Compton
Physicist
15-Sep-1887 22-Jun-1954 Bikini Island atomic tests
James B. Conant
Educator
26-Mar-1893 11-Feb-1978 President of Harvard, 1933-53
Edward Condon
Physicist
2-Mar-1902 26-Mar-1974 Quantum Mechanics
William D. Coolidge
Physicist
23-Oct-1873 4-Feb-1975 Tungsten filaments and Coolidge tubes
Leon N. Cooper
Physicist
28-Feb-1930   BCS Theory of Superconductivity
Carl Cori
Scientist
5-Dec-1896 20-Oct-1984 Catalytic conversion of glycogen
Gerty Cori
Scientist
15-Aug-1896 26-Oct-1957 Catalytic conversion of glycogen
Allan M. Cormack
Physicist
23-Feb-1924 7-May-1998 Computerized axial tomography (CAT scans)
John Cornforth
Chemist
7-Sep-1917 8-Dec-2013 Stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysts
F. Albert Cotton
Chemist
9-Apr-1930 20-Feb-2007 Metal-metal bonds
Alan Cottrell
Scientist
17-Jul-1919 15-Feb-2012 Metallurgist at Cambridge
Frederick G. Cottrell
Inventor
10-Jan-1877 16-Nov-1948 Smokestack filters to fight pollution
André F. Cournand
Scientist
24-Sep-1895 19-Feb-1988 Cardiac catheterization
Jacques Cousteau
Activist
11-Jun-1910 25-Jun-1997 Oceanographer, environmentalist
Donald J. Cram
Chemist
22-Apr-1919 17-Jun-2001 Synthesis of molecules
Lester Crawford
Government
13-Mar-1938   FDA Commissioner, 2005
James W. Cronin
Physicist
29-Sep-1931   Time not necessarily reversible
Paul J. Crutzen
Physicist
3-Dec-1933   Ozone depletion
Robert F. Curl, Jr.
Chemist
23-Aug-1933   Co-Discovered fullerines
Harvey Cushing
Doctor
8-Apr-1869 7-Oct-1939 Cushing's Syndrome
Richard Dalitz
Physicist
28-Feb-1925 13-Jan-2006 Dalitz pairs and Dalitz plots
Raymond Davis, Jr.
Scientist
14-Oct-1914 31-May-2006 Detected solar neutrinos
Michael DeBakey
Doctor
7-Sep-1908 11-Jul-2008 Father of cardiovascular surgery
Gerard Debreu
Economist
4-Jul-1921 31-Dec-2004 Supply and demand theorist
Johann Deisenhofer
Chemist
30-Sep-1943   Proteins of photosynthesis
Max Delbrück
Scientist
4-Sep-1906 10-Mar-1981 Molecular structure of viral genes (phages)
Peter B. Dervan
Chemist
28-Jun-1945   DNA Researcher
Persi Diaconis
Mathematician
31-Jan-1945   Science of random numbers
Jared Diamond
Scientist
10-Sep-1937   Guns, Germs and Steel
Peter Diamond
Economist
29-Apr-1940   Diamond paradox in economics
Robert H. Dicke
Physicist
6-May-1916 4-Mar-1997 Dicke radiometer
Paul Dirac
Physicist
8-Aug-1902 20-Oct-1984 The Principles of Quantum Mechanics
T. G. Dobzhansky
Scientist
25-Jan-1900 18-Dec-1975 Genetics and the Origin of Species
Henry Draper
Astronomer
7-Mar-1837 20-Nov-1882 Early astrophotographer
John William Draper
Chemist
5-May-1811 4-Jan-1882 Radiant energy and portrait photography
Sidney D. Drell
Physicist
13-Sep-1926   In the Shadow of the Bomb
Daniel C. Drucker
Engineer
1918 25-Aug-2001 Drucker's stability postulate
William F. Durand
Engineer
5-Mar-1859 9-Aug-1958 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
Robert C. Dynes
Educator
8-Nov-1942   President, University of California, 2003-08
Frank W. Dyson
Astronomer
8-Jan-1868 25-May-1939 Six pips on the BBC
Freeman Dyson
Physicist
15-Dec-1923   Theoretical physicist at Institute for Advanced Study
John Eccles
Scientist
27-Jan-1903 2-May-1997 Membrane potential of nerves
Arthur Eddington
Astronomer
28-Dec-1882 22-Nov-1944 Eddington luminosity
Gerald M. Edelman
Scientist
1-Jul-1929 17-May-2014 Chemical structure of antibodies
Thomas Edison
Inventor
11-Feb-1847 18-Oct-1931 Invented the light bulb
Paul R. Ehrlich
Scientist
29-May-1932   The Population Bomb
Manfred Eigen
Physicist
9-May-1927   Studied fast chemical reactions
Christiaan Eijkman
Scientist
11-Aug-1858 5-Nov-1930 Research led to discovery of vitamins
Samuel Eilenberg
Mathematician
30-Sep-1913 30-Jan-1998 Category theory
Gertrude B. Elion
Scientist
23-Jan-1918 21-Feb-1999 Developed medicines for leukemia, herpes, AIDS
William L. Emmet
Engineer
10-Jul-1859 26-Sep-1941 All-electric warships
Donald M. Engelman
Biologist
c. 1941   Biochemistry Professor at Yale
Joseph Erlanger
Scientist
5-Jan-1874 5-Dec-1965 Nerve conduction
Richard R. Ernst
Chemist
14-Aug-1933   NMR spectroscopy
Gerhard Ertl
Chemist
10-Oct-1936   Auto emissions and the ozone layer
Martin Feldstein
Economist
25-Nov-1939   Reagan economist
Richard Feynman
Physicist
11-May-1918 15-Feb-1988 Surely he's joking
Andrew Z. Fire
Scientist
27-Apr-1959   RNA interference
Edmond H. Fischer
Scientist
6-Apr-1920   Protein phosphorylation
Franklin M. Fisher
Economist
13-Dec-1934   Economist at MIT
Ronald Fisher
Mathematician
17-Feb-1890 29-Jul-1962 Analysis of variance and covariance
Val Fitch
Physicist
10-Mar-1923 5-Feb-2015 Time not necessarily reversible
Paul J. Flory
Chemist
19-Jun-1910 9-Sep-1985 Studied polymers
Robert W. Fogel
Economist
1-Jul-1926 11-Jun-2013 Cliometrics
Alfred Fowler
Astronomer
22-Mar-1868 24-Jun-1940 Celestial spectroscopy
William A. Fowler
Astronomer
9-Aug-1911 14-Mar-1995 Element generation within stars
Marye Anne Fox
Educator
9-Dec-1947   Chancellor, UC San Diego
James Franck
Physicist
26-Aug-1882 21-May-1964 Franck-Hertz experiment
John R. Freeman
Engineer
27-Jul-1855 6-Oct-1932 Charles River Dam
Jerome I. Friedman
Physicist
28-Mar-1930   Verified existence of quarks
Milton Friedman
Economist
31-Jul-1912 16-Nov-2006 1976 Nobel Prize for Economics
Edward A. Frieman
Physicist
19-Jan-1926 11-Apr-2013 Director of Scripps, 1986-96
Kenichi Fukui
Chemist
4-Oct-1918 9-Jan-1998 Frontier orbitals
D. Carleton Gajdusek
Scientist
9-Sep-1923 12-Dec-2008 Kuru (slow virus infections)
Robert C. Gallo
Doctor
23-Mar-1937   Identified first retroviruses in humans
George Gamow
Physicist
4-Mar-1904 19-Aug-1968 Proponent of Big Bang Theory
Herbert S. Gasser
Scientist
5-Jul-1888 11-May-1963 Nerve conduction
Israel Gelfand
Mathematician
2-Sep-1913 5-Oct-2009 Banach algebras, Lie groups
Murray Gell-Mann
Physicist
15-Sep-1929   Quarks and strangeness
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
Physicist
24-Oct-1932 18-May-2007 Molecular structure of polymers
Riccardo Giacconi
Astronomer
6-Oct-1931   Discovered cosmic X-ray sources
Ivar Giaever
Physicist
5-Apr-1929   Tunneling through superconductors
William F. Giauque
Chemist
12-May-1895 28-Mar-1982 Adiabatic demagnetization
John H. Gibbon, Jr.
Doctor
29-Sep-1903 5-Feb-1973 Open-heart surgery
S. Malcolm Gillis
Educator
28-Dec-1940 4-Oct-2015 President of Rice University, 1993-2004
James M. Gilliss
Astronomer
6-Sep-1811 9-Feb-1865 Founder, US Naval Observatory
Alfred G. Gilman
Scientist
1-Jul-1941 23-Dec-2015 G-protein cell signal transmission
Robert R. Gilruth
Engineer
18-Oct-1913 17-Aug-2000 NASA scientist
Donald A. Glaser
Physicist
21-Sep-1926 28-Feb-2013 Inventor of the bubble chamber
Sheldon Glashow
Physicist
5-Dec-1932   Electroweak Theory
Roy J. Glauber
Physicist
1-Sep-1925   Quantum optics
Laurie H. Glimcher
Educator
c. 1950   Professor of Immunology at Harvard
Kurt Gödel
Mathematician
28-Apr-1906 14-Jan-1978 Gödel's Incompleteness Theorems
Maria Goeppert-Mayer
Physicist
28-Jun-1906 20-Feb-1972 Shell nuclear model
Thomas Gold
Scientist
22-May-1920 22-Jun-2004 Certain that oil is not a fossil fuel
Maurice Goldhaber
Physicist
18-Apr-1911 11-May-2011 Neutrons
Lee Goldman
Doctor
6-Jan-1948   Goldman Index for cardiac risk
Joseph L. Goldstein
Scientist
18-Apr-1940   Hypercholesterolemia and cell metabolism
Ralph E. Gomory
Business
c. 1938   Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
Bill Gordon
Astronomer
8-Jan-1918 16-Feb-2010 Designed Arecibo radio telescope
Stephen Jay Gould
Biologist
10-Sep-1941 20-May-2002 Evolutionary scientist
Ronald Graham
Mathematician
31-Oct-1935   Mathematician, Computer Scientist
Ragnar Granit
Scientist
30-Oct-1900 31-Mar-1990 Physiology of the retina
Jesse L. Greenstein
Astronomer
15-Oct-1909 21-Oct-2002 Co-Discoverer of quasars
Carol W. Greider
Scientist
15-Apr-1961   Co-Discoverer of telomerase
Zvi Griliches
Economist
12-Sep-1930 4-Nov-1999 Technology, Education, and Productivity
David J. Gross
Physicist
19-Feb-1941   Deep structure of matter
Robert H. Grubbs
Chemist
27-Feb-1942   Metathesis
Roger Guillemin
Scientist
11-Jan-1924   Hypothalamic hormones (brain peptides)
Alan Guth
Physicist
27-Feb-1947   Inflationary theory of cosmology
Jacques-Salomon Hadamard
Mathematician
8-Dec-1865 17-Oct-1963 Prime number theorem
Asaph Hall
Astronomer
15-Oct-1829 22-Nov-1907 Discovered the moons of Mars
Edwin Hall
Physicist
7-Nov-1855 20-Nov-1938 Discovered the Hall Effect
John L. Hall
Physicist
21-Aug-1934   Quantum optics
Sir William Rowan Hamilton
Mathematician
3-Aug-1805 2-Sep-1865 Inventor of Quaternions
James E. Hansen
Scientist
29-Mar-1941   Greenhouse effect and global warming
Ross Granville Harrison
Zoologist
13-Jan-1870 30-Sep-1959 Embryology and tissue culture techniques
John C. Harsanyi
Economist
29-May-1920 9-Aug-2000 Game theory
Haldan K. Hartline
Scientist
22-Dec-1903 17-Mar-1983 Physiology of the retina
Leland H. Hartwell
Scientist
30-Oct-1939   Regulators of cell cycle
E. Newton Harvey
Zoologist
25-Nov-1887 21-Jul-1959 Light-emitting organisms
Herbert A. Hauptman
Mathematician
14-Feb-1917 23-Oct-2011 X-ray diffraction studies
Chushiro Hayashi
Astronomer
25-Jul-1920 28-Feb-2010 Big Bang astrophysicist
James J. Heckman
Economist
19-Apr-1944   Statistical analysis of individual and household behavior
Alan J. Heeger
Physicist
22-Jan-1936   Metallic polymers
John L. Hennessy
Educator
c. 1953   President of Stanford University
Louis Henyey
Astronomer
3-Feb-1910 18-Feb-1970 Henyey method
George Herbig
Astronomer
2-Jan-1920 12-Oct-2013 Herbig-Haro objects
Dudley R. Herschbach
Chemist
18-Jun-1932   Crossed molecular beam experiments
Alfred D. Hershey
Scientist
4-Dec-1908 22-May-1997 Molecular structure of viral genes
Avram Hershko
Scientist
31-Dec-1937   Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
Melville J. Herskovits
Anthropologist
10-Sep-1895 25-Feb-1963 The Myth of the Negro Past
Gerhard Herzberg
Physicist
25-Dec-1904 3-Mar-1999 Molecular spectroscopy
George W. Hill
Astronomer
3-Mar-1838 16-Apr-1914 A New Theorie of Jupiter and Saturn
David Ho
Doctor
3-Nov-1952   AIDS researcher
Jules A. Hoffmann
Biologist
2-Aug-1941   Innate immunity
Roald Hoffmann
Chemist
18-Jul-1937   Woodward-Hoffmann reaction
Robert Hofstadter
Physicist
5-Feb-1915 17-Nov-1990 Size, shape, and structure of neutrons and protons
Bert Hölldobler
Zoologist
25-Jun-1936   Social organizations in insects
Robert W. Holley
Scientist
28-Jan-1922 11-Feb-1993 RNA's role in protein synthesis
Nick Holonyak
Physicist
3-Nov-1928   Light-emitting diodes
Johannes Holtfreter
Zoologist
9-Jan-1901 13-Nov-1992 Chemotaxis
Leroy Hood
Biologist
10-Oct-1938   Systems biology and Human Genome Project
Donald F. Hornig
Educator
17-Mar-1920 21-Jan-2013 President of Brown University, 1970-76
H. Robert Horvitz
Scientist
8-May-1947   Genetic regulation of organ development
Hendrik S. Houthakker
Economist
31-Dec-1924 15-Apr-2008 Council of Economic Advisers, 1969-71
Fred Hoyle
Astronomer
24-Jun-1915 20-Aug-2001 Opposed the Big Bang but named it
Charles B. Huggins
Scientist
22-Sep-1901 12-Jan-1997 Hormonal treatment of prostate and breast cancers
Vernon W. Hughes
Physicist
28-May-1921 25-Mar-2003 Muons
Albert Wallace Hull
Physicist
19-Apr-1880 22-Jan-1966 Inventor of the magnetron tube
Frederick S. Humphries
Business
c. 1935   Former President, Florida A&M University
Tim Hunt
Scientist
19-Feb-1943   Regulators of cell cycle
Leonid Hurwicz
Economist
21-Aug-1917 24-Jun-2008 Mechanism design theory
Louis J. Ignarro
Scientist
31-May-1941   Nitric oxide as a cardiovascular signal
Kiyoshi Ito
Mathematician
7-Sep-1915 10-Nov-2008 Ito Calculus
Herbert E. Ives
Physicist
21-Jul-1882 13-Nov-1953 Facsimile machine
François Jacob
Scientist
17-Jun-1920 19-Apr-2013 Operon theory of genetic control
Niels K. Jerne
Scientist
23-Dec-1911 7-Oct-1994 Immune theory (anti-antibody)
Deborah S. Jin
Physicist
c. 1968   Created a fermionic condensate
Kelly Johnson
Engineer
27-Feb-1910 21-Dec-1990 Lockheed Skunk Works plane designer
Dale W. Jorgenson
Economist
7-May-1933   Economist at Harvard
Percy Julian
Chemist
11-Apr-1899 19-Apr-1975 Physostigmine and cortisone
Leo P. Kadanoff
Physicist
14-Jan-1937 26-Oct-2015 Second-order phase transitions
Daniel Kahneman
Psychologist
5-Mar-1934   The psychology of economics
Eric R. Kandel
Scientist
7-Nov-1929   Signal transduction in the nervous system
Pyotr Kapitsa
Physicist
8-Jul-1894 8-Apr-1984 Discovered superfluidity
Jerome Karle
Chemist
18-Jun-1918 6-Jun-2013 X-Ray diffraction studies
Martin Karplus
Chemist
15-Mar-1930   Karplus Equation
Paul Karrer
Chemist
21-Apr-1889 18-Jun-1971 Synthesized vitamins A, B2, E, and K
James E. Keeler
Astronomer
10-Sep-1857 12-Aug-1900 Composition of Saturn's rings
Henry W. Kendall
Physicist
9-Dec-1926 15-Feb-1999 Verified existence of quarks
John C. Kendrew
Chemist
24-Mar-1917 23-Aug-1997 Determined structure of myoglobin
Donald Kennedy
Educator
18-Aug-1931   Editor-in-Chief of Science
Arthur E. Kennelly
Physicist
17-Dec-1861 18-Jun-1939 Kennelly-Heaviside layer
Robert O. Keohane
Scholar
3-Oct-1941   After Hegemony
Warwick Kerr
Scientist
9-Sep-1922   Introduced african bees to South America
Charles F. Kettering
Engineer
29-Aug-1876 25-Nov-1958 Invented the electric starter
Wolfgang Ketterle
Physicist
21-Oct-1957   Bose-Einstein condensates
Lawrence R. Klein
Economist
14-Sep-1920 20-Oct-2013 Macroeconometric modeling
Aaron Klug
Chemist
11-Aug-1926   Structural analysis of viruses
Jeremy R. Knowles
Business
1935   Chemistry Professor, Harvard University
Donald E. Knuth
Computer Programmer
10-Jan-1938   The Art of Computer Programming
Walter Kohn
Chemist
9-Mar-1923   Density-functional theory
Arthur Kornberg
Scientist
3-Mar-1918 26-Oct-2007 Synthesized DNA
Roger D. Kornberg
Scientist
24-Apr-1947   Molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription
Robert P. Kraft
Astronomer
16-Jun-1927 26-May-2015 Lick Observatory
Alfred Kroeber
Anthropologist
11-Jun-1876 5-Oct-1960 Pioneer in American Anthropology
Herbert Kroemer
Physicist
25-Aug-1928   Pioneer in laser technology
Sir Harold Kroto
Chemist
7-Oct-1939   Co-Discovered fullerenes
Polykarp Kusch
Physicist
26-Jan-1911 20-Mar-1993 Magnetic moment of the electron
Willis Lamb
Physicist
12-Jul-1913 15-May-2008 Detailed the hydrogen spectrum
Edwin H. Land
Inventor
7-May-1909 1-Mar-1991 Polaroid Land Camera
Lev Landau
Physicist
22-Jan-1908 1-Apr-1968 Superfluidity of helium
Jonathan Homer Lane
Astronomer
9-Aug-1819 3-May-1880 Gravitational equilibrium of the Sun
Andrew E. Lange
Astronomer
23-Jul-1957 22-Jan-2010 Cosmologist, astrophysicist at Caltech
Robert S. Langer
Chemist
29-Aug-1948   Institute Professor at MIT
Samuel P. Langley
Astronomer
22-Aug-1834 2-Feb-1906 Heavier-than-air flying machine
Robert B. Laughlin
Physicist
1-Nov-1950   Fractional quantum Hall effect
Paul C. Lauterbur
Scientist
6-May-1929 27-Mar-2007 Magnetic resonance imaging
Ernest Lawrence
Physicist
8-Aug-1901 27-Aug-1958 Inventor of the cyclotron
Robert Z. Lawrence
Economist
c. 1948   Council of Economic Advisers, 1999-2001
Edward Lazear
Economist
1948   Chairman, Council of Economic Advisors
Philip Leder
Biologist
19-Nov-1934   Harvard Geneticist
Joshua Lederberg
Biologist
23-May-1925 2-Feb-2008 Genetic properties of bacteria
Leon M. Lederman
Physicist
15-Jul-1922   Researcher of neutrinos
David M. Lee
Physicist
20-Jan-1931   Superfluidity of helium-3
Tsung-Dao Lee
Physicist
25-Nov-1926   Violations of parity law
Yuan T. Lee
Chemist
29-Nov-1936   Crossed molecular beam experiments
Anthony J. Leggett
Physicist
26-Mar-1938   Particle physicist, explored superfluidity
Jean-Marie Lehn
Chemist
30-Sep-1939   Synthesis of molecules
Joseph Leidy
Biologist
9-Sep-1823 30-Apr-1891 Trichinosis and dinosaurs
Robert B. Leighton
Astronomer
10-Sep-1919 9-Mar-1997 Leighton dishes
Tom Leighton
Mathematician
c. 1956   Co-founder of Akamai
Luis Leloir
Chemist
6-Sep-1906 2-Dec-1987 Conversion of carbohydrates
Abba Lerner
Economist
28-Oct-1903 27-Oct-1982 The Economics of Control
Richard A. Lerner
Biologist
28-Aug-1938   Scripps Research Institute
Armin O. Leuschner
Astronomer
16-Jan-1868 22-Apr-1953 Astronomer at Berkeley
Rita Levi-Montalcini
Scientist
22-Apr-1909 30-Dec-2012 Nerve and skin cell growth factors
Claude Lévi-Strauss
Anthropologist
28-Nov-1908 1-Nov-2009 French anthropologist
Arnold J. Levine
Biologist
1939   Cancer researcher
Edward B. Lewis
Scientist
20-May-1918 21-Jul-2004 Drosophila researcher, Nobel laureate
Willard F. Libby
Chemist
17-Dec-1908 8-Sep-1980 Carbon-14 dating technique
Susan L. Lindquist
Biologist
5-Jun-1949   Protein folding
Ralph Linton
Anthropologist
27-Feb-1893 25-Dec-1953 The Study of Man
William Lipscomb
Chemist
9-Dec-1919 14-Apr-2011 Chemical bonding
Alfred Lee Loomis
Physicist
4-Nov-1887 1-Aug-1975 Millionaire scientist
Edward Lorenz
Scientist
23-May-1917 16-Apr-2008 Chaos theory
Frank J. Low
Astronomer
23-Nov-1933 11-Jun-2009 Infrared astronomy
Robert Lucas
Economist
15-Sep-1937   Theory of rational expectations
Salvador Luria
Biologist
13-Aug-1912 6-Feb-1991 Natural selection in bacteria
Willem J. Luyten
Astronomer
7-Mar-1899 21-Nov-1994 Stellar mortician
André Lwoff
Scientist
8-May-1902 30-Sep-1994 Operon theory of genetic control
Princeton Lyman
Diplomat
20-Nov-1935   US Ambassador to South Africa, 1992-95
Donald Lynden-Bell
Astronomer
5-Apr-1935   Astrophysicist at Cambridge
Feodor Lynen
Scientist
6-Apr-1911 6-Aug-1979 Cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism
J. Bernard Machen
Educator
26-Mar-1944   President, University of Florida
Roderick MacKinnon
Biologist
19-Feb-1956   Ion channels of cell membranes
Benoit Mandelbrot
Mathematician
20-Nov-1924 14-Oct-2010 Fractal mathematician
Michael E. Mann
Physicist
28-Dec-1965   Climate change scientist
Robert W. Mann
Inventor
1924 16-Jun-2006 Prosthetic devices
Rudolph A. Marcus
Chemist
21-Jul-1923   Electron-transfer reactions
Geoffrey W. Marcy
Astronomer
29-Sep-1954   Discoverer of exoplanets
Lynn Margulis
Biologist
5-Mar-1935 22-Nov-2011 Origin of eukaryotic organelles
Hans Mark
Physicist
17-Jun-1929   US Air Force Secretary, 1979-81
John C. Mather
Physicist
7-Aug-1946   Big Bang
Ernst Mayr
Biologist
5-Jul-1904 3-Feb-2005 Evolutionary biologist
John McCarthy
Computer Programmer
4-Sep-1927 24-Oct-2011 Created LISP programming language
Mark McClellan
Government
26-Jun-1963   Medicare Chief
Barbara McClintock
Scientist
16-Jun-1902 2-Sep-1992 Discovered transposable genes
William D. McElroy
Biologist
22-Jan-1917 17-Feb-1999 Bioluminescence
Daniel L. McFadden
Economist
29-Jul-1937   Statistical analysis of individual and household behavior
Victor A. McKusick
Scientist
21-Oct-1921 22-Jul-2008 Father of medical genetics
Edwin M. McMillan
Physicist
18-Sep-1907 7-Sep-1991 Discovered neptunium and plutonium
Carver A. Mead
Engineer
1-May-1934   Microelectronics
Craig C. Mello
Scientist
19-Oct-1960   RNA interference
Bruce Merrifield
Chemist
15-Jul-1921 14-May-2006 Synthesized polypeptides
Paul W. Merrill
Astronomer
15-Aug-1887 19-Jul-1961 S-process of nucleosynthesis
Robert C. Merton
Economist
31-Jul-1944   Risk management and options
Robert K. Merton
Sociologist
4-Jul-1910 23-Feb-2003 On the Shoulders of Giants
Ruben Mettler
Business
23-Feb-1924 23-May-2006 CEO of TRW, 1969-77
Otto Meyerhof
Scientist
12-Apr-1884 6-Oct-1951 Glycogen-lactic acid cycle
Hartmut Michel
Chemist
18-Jul-1948   Proteins of photosynthesis
Albert A. Michelson
Physicist
19-Dec-1852 9-May-1931 Measured the speed of light
Thomas Midgley
Chemist
18-May-1889 2-Nov-1944 Ethyl gasoline, Freon
Stanley Miller
Chemist
7-Mar-1930 20-May-2007 Miller-Urey Experiment
Robert A. Millikan
Physicist
22-Mar-1868 19-Dec-1953 Determined the charge of an electron
César Milstein
Scientist
8-Oct-1927 24-Mar-2002 Hybridoma technique (monoclonal antibodies)
Raymond D. Mindlin
Engineer
17-Sep-1906 22-Nov-1987 Mindlin's problem
Rudolph Minkowski
Astronomer
28-May-1895 4-Jan-1976 Galaxies in collision
Marvin Minsky
Scientist
9-Aug-1927   Father of Artificial Intelligence
James A. Mirrlees
Economist
5-Jul-1936   Asymmetric information in economics
Peter Mitchell
Chemist
29-Sep-1920 10-Apr-1992 ADP to ATP conversion in mitochondria
Franco Modigliani
Economist
18-Jun-1918 25-Sep-2003 Life-cycle theory
Mario J. Molina
Chemist
19-Mar-1943   Ozone depletion
Jacques Monod
Scientist
9-Feb-1910 31-May-1976 Operon theory of genetic control
Stanford Moore
Chemist
4-Sep-1913 23-Aug-1982 Amino-acid analyzer
Lewis Henry Morgan
Anthropologist
21-Nov-1818 17-Dec-1881 Ancient Society
William W. Morgan
Astronomer
3-Jan-1906 21-Jun-1994 Spiral arms of the Milky Way Galaxy
K. Alex Müller
Physicist
20-Apr-1927   High-temperature superconductivity
Robert S. Mulliken
Chemist
7-Jun-1896 31-Oct-1986 Molecular orbital theory
Woodrow A. Myers, Jr.
Doctor
14-Feb-1954   EVP at Wellpoint, 2000-05
Yoichiro Nambu
Physicist
18-Jan-1921 5-Jul-2015 Spontaneous broken symmetry
Gerry Neugebauer
Astronomer
3-Sep-1932   Infrared astronomy
Simon Newcomb
Astronomer
12-Mar-1835 11-Jul-1909 Nautical Almanac
Ernest Fox Nichols
Physicist
1-Jun-1869 29-Apr-1924 Infrared radiation
Marshall W. Nirenberg
Scientist
10-Apr-1927 15-Jan-2010 RNA's role in protein synthesis
John H. Northrop
Chemist
5-Jul-1891 27-May-1987 Bacteriophages
Robert Noyce
Inventor
12-Dec-1927 3-Jun-1990 Co-Inventor, integrated circuit
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Scientist
20-Oct-1942   Embryonic development of fruit flies
Robert B. Oakley
Diplomat
12-Mar-1931 10-Dec-2014 US Ambassador to Pakistan, 1988-91
George A. Olah
Chemist
22-May-1927   Isolated carbonium ions
Lars Onsager
Chemist
27-Nov-1903 5-Oct-1976 Fourth Law of Thermodynamics
Douglas D. Osheroff
Physicist
1-Aug-1945   Superfluidity of helium-3
Donald E. Osterbrock
Astronomer
13-Jul-1924 11-Jan-2007 Director of Lick Observatory, 1973-81
Elinor Ostrom
Sociologist
7-Aug-1933 12-Jun-2012 Common-pool resources
Bohdan Paczynski
Astronomer
8-Feb-1940 19-Apr-2007 Gravitational microlensing
David C. Page
Biologist
6-Jul-1956   Director, Whitehead Institute
George E. Palade
Scientist
19-Nov-1912 7-Oct-2008 Microstructure of the cell
Eugene Parker
Astronomer
10-Jun-1927   Solar winds
Linus Pauling
Chemist
28-Feb-1901 19-Aug-1994 Scientist and peacenik
Raymond Pearl
Biologist
3-Jun-1879 17-Nov-1940 Biogerontology
P. James E. Peebles
Astronomer
25-Apr-1935   Galaxy formation
Benjamin Peirce
Mathematician
4-Apr-1809 10-Jun-1880 Idempotent and nilpotent
Roger Penrose
Mathematician
8-Aug-1931   Theory of cosmic censorship
Arno Penzias
Astronomer
26-Apr-1933   Detected primordial radiation
Martin L. Perl
Physicist
24-Jun-1927 30-Sep-2014 Discovered the tau lepton
Saul Perlmutter
Astronomer
1959   Accelerating expansion of the universe
Edmund S. Phelps
Economist
26-Jul-1933   Golden Rules of Economic Growth
William D. Phillips
Physicist
5-Nov-1948   Trapped atoms with laser light
Thomas Pickering
Diplomat
5-Nov-1931   Career US Ambassador
Gregory Pincus
Scientist
9-Apr-1903 22-Aug-1967 Inventor of oral contraceptives
Kenneth S. Pitzer
Chemist
6-Jan-1914 26-Dec-1997 President of Rice University, 1961-68
John C. Polanyi
Chemist
23-Jan-1929   Infrared chemiluminescence
George Porter
Chemist
6-Dec-1920 31-Aug-2002 Rapid chemical and biological processes
Rodney R. Porter
Scientist
8-Oct-1917 6-Sep-1985 Chemical structure of antibodies
George H. Poste
Biologist
c. 1944   Health Technology Networks
John Wesley Powell
Geologist
24-Mar-1834 23-Sep-1902 Exploration of the Colorado River
Vladimir Prelog
Chemist
23-Jul-1906 7-Jan-1998 Stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysts
Ilya Prigogine
Chemist
25-Jan-1917 28-May-2003 Theory of dissipative structures
Stanley B. Prusiner
Scientist
28-May-1942   Prions
E. M. Purcell
Physicist
30-Aug-1912 7-Mar-1997 Nuclear magnetic resonance
Isidor Isaac Rabi
Physicist
29-Jul-1898 11-Jan-1988 Magnetic beam resonances
James Rainwater
Physicist
9-Dec-1917 31-May-1986 Determined shapes of nuclei
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
Scientist
1952   Ribosomes
Norman F. Ramsey
Physicist
27-Aug-1915 4-Nov-2011 Energy levels of atoms
C. N. R. Rao
Chemist
30-Jun-1934   Chemistry of superconductivity
Martin Rees
Astronomer
23-Jun-1942   President of the Royal Society
Frederick Reines
Physicist
16-Mar-1918 26-Aug-1998 Co-Discover of the neutrino
Robert C. Richardson
Physicist
26-Jun-1937 19-Feb-2013 Superfluidity of helium-3
Burton Richter
Physicist
22-Mar-1931   Co-Discoverer of J/psi meson
Oscar Riddle
Biologist
27-Sep-1877 29-Nov-1968 Prolactin
Adam G. Riess
Astronomer
1969   Accelerating expansion of the universe
Ron Rivest
Computer Programmer
1947   The R in RSA
Charles W. Robinson
Business
7-Sep-1919 20-May-2014 Deputy Secretary of State, 1976-77
Irwin Rose
Scientist
16-Jul-1926 2-Jun-2015 Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation
Bruno Rossi
Astronomer
13-Apr-1905 21-Nov-1993 Rossi curve and magnetopause
Marc Rotenberg
Activist
20-Apr-1960   Electronic Privacy Information Center
John W. Rowe
Business
20-Jun-1944   CEO of Aetna, 2000-06
F. Sherwood Rowland
Chemist
28-Jun-1927 10-Mar-2012 Ozone depletion
Carlo Rubbia
Physicist
31-Mar-1934   Co-Discovered W and Z particles
Vera Rubin
Astronomer
23-Jul-1928   Structure of galaxies
Albert Sabin
Biologist
26-Aug-1906 3-Mar-1993 Developed oral polio vaccine
Thomas J. Sargent
Economist
19-Jul-1943   Rational expectations theory
Wallace Sargent
Astronomer
15-Feb-1935 29-Oct-2012 Astrophysicist at CalTech
AnnaLee Saxenian
Scholar
c. 1954   Information technologist
Arthur L. Schawlow
Physicist
5-May-1921 28-Apr-1999 Laser spectroscopy
Thomas C. Schelling
Economist
14-Apr-1921   The Strategy of Conflict
Frank Schlesinger
Astronomer
11-May-1871 10-Jul-1943 Stellar parallaxes
Brian P. Schmidt
Astronomer
24-Feb-1967   Accelerating universe
Maarten Schmidt
Astronomer
28-Dec-1929   Co-Discoverer of quasars
Robert Schrieffer
Physicist
31-May-1931   BCS Theory of Superconductivity
Richard R. Schrock
Chemist
4-Jan-1945   Metathesis
Theodore W. Schultz
Economist
30-Apr-1902 26-Feb-1998 Investment in Human Capital
Melvin Schwartz
Physicist
2-Nov-1932 28-Aug-2006 Researcher of neutrinos
Martin Schwarzschild
Astronomer
31-May-1912 10-Apr-1997 Structure and Evolution of the Stars
Julian Schwinger
Physicist
12-Feb-1918 16-Jul-1994 Quantum electrodynamics
Glenn Seaborg
Physicist
19-Apr-1912 25-Feb-1999 Co-Discoverer of Plutonium
Frederick Hanley Seares
Astronomer
17-May-1873 20-Jul-1964 Astronomer at Mt. Wilson Observatory
William R. Sears
Engineer
1-Mar-1913 12-Oct-2002 Airfoil engineer
Michael Seaton
Astronomer
16-Jun-1923 29-May-2007 Opacity Project
Emilio Segrè
Physicist
30-Jan-1905 22-Apr-1989 Co-Discoverer of the antiproton
Nikolay Semyonov
Chemist
15-Apr-1896 25-Sep-1986 Combustion, explosions, and chemical kinetics
Claude Shannon
Scientist
30-Apr-1916 24-Feb-2001 Pioneer in information theory
Phillip A. Sharp
Biologist
6-Jun-1944   Eukaryotic (split) genes
K. Barry Sharpless
Chemist
28-Apr-1941   Chiral catalysts
Thomas E. Shenk
Biologist
c. 1947   Princeton Molecular Biologist
Willow B. Shire
Business
c. 1948   Orchard Consulting Group
Iosif S. Shklovskii
Astronomer
1-Jul-1916 3-Mar-1985 Synchrotron radiation of the Crab Nebula
William Shockley
Physicist
13-Feb-1910 12-Aug-1989 Co-Inventor of the transistor
Clifford G. Shull
Physicist
23-Sep-1915 31-Mar-2001 Neutron scattering
Christopher A. Sims
Economist
21-Oct-1942   Statistical theory of time series
Isadore Singer
Mathematician
3-May-1924   Atiyah-Singer index theorem
Theda Skocpol
Educator
4-May-1947   Harvard sociologist, political scientist
Jens C. Skou
Scientist
8-Oct-1918   ATPase researcher
Matthew J. Slaughter
Economist
c. 1968   Council of Economic Advisers, 2005-07
V. M. Slipher
Astronomer
11-Nov-1875 8-Nov-1969 Interstellar dust
Richard E. Smalley
Chemist
6-Jun-1943 28-Oct-2005 Co-Discovered fullerines
Theobald Smith
Scientist
31-Jul-1859 10-Dec-1934 Infectious and parasitic diseases
Vernon L. Smith
Economist
1-Jan-1927   Experimental economics
Oliver Smithies
Scientist
23-Jun-1925   Knock-out mice
George D. Snell
Scientist
19-Dec-1903 6-Jun-1996 Recognition of HLA antigens
Robert M. Solow
Economist
23-Aug-1924   Theory of economic growth
Alfred Sommer
Doctor
1942   SPH Dean at Johns Hopkins, 1990-2005
Arnold Sommerfeld
Physicist
5-Dec-1868 26-Apr-1951 Fine-structure constant
Hugo F. Sonnenschein
Economist
1941   President, University of Chicago, 1993-2000
Elmer Sperry
Inventor
12-Oct-1860 10-Jun-1930 Gyroscopic compass
Roger W. Sperry
Scientist
20-Aug-1913 17-Apr-1994 "Split brain" hemispheric neurophysiology
Lyman Spitzer, Jr.
Astronomer
26-Jun-1914 31-Mar-1997 Father of space telescopes
Philip Sporn
Engineer
25-Nov-1896 23-Jan-1978 American Electric Power Company
Joel Stebbins
Astronomer
30-Jul-1878 16-Mar-1966 Photoelectric photometry
William H. Stein
Chemist
25-Jun-1911 2-Feb-1980 Amino-acid analyzer
Jack Steinberger
Physicist
25-May-1921   Researcher of neutrinos
Ralph M. Steinman
Biologist
14-Jan-1943 30-Sep-2011 Dendritic cells
Thomas A. Steitz
Scientist
23-Aug-1940   Ribosomes
Otto Stern
Physicist
17-Feb-1888 17-Aug-1969 Molecular beam experiment
H. Guyford Stever
Educator
24-Oct-1916 9-Apr-2010 President of CMU, 1965-72
George J. Stigler
Economist
17-Jan-1911 1-Dec-1991 Economic Theory of Regulation
Joseph Stiglitz
Economist
9-Feb-1943   Ex-Chief Economist of the World Bank
Horst L. Störmer
Physicist
6-Apr-1949   Fractional quantum Hall effect
Thomas P. Stossel
Doctor
c. 1941   Professor, Harvard Medical School
Louis Wade Sullivan
Government
3-Nov-1933   US Secretary of HHS, 1989-93
Lawrence H. Summers
Economist
30-Nov-1954   US Treasury Secretary, 1999-2001
James B. Sumner
Chemist
19-Nov-1887 12-Aug-1955 Crystallized enzymes
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
Scientist
19-Nov-1915 9-Mar-1974 Hormones mechanisms (cyclic AMP)
Ivan Sutherland
Engineer
16-May-1938   Father of computer graphics
The Svedberg
Chemist
30-Aug-1884 25-Feb-1971 Inventor of the ultracentrifuge
Timothy Swager
Chemist
1-Jul-1961   Chemist at MIT
Ambrose Swasey
Business
19-Dec-1846 15-Jun-1937 Warner and Swasey Company and Observatory
Albert Szent-Györgyi
Scientist
16-Sep-1893 22-Oct-1986 Vitamins C and B2
Leo Szilard
Physicist
11-Feb-1898 30-May-1964 Nuclear chain reaction
Jack W. Szostak
Scientist
9-Nov-1952   First artificial chromosome
Terence Tao
Mathematician
17-Jul-1975   Prolific math prodigy
Alfred Tarski
Mathematician
14-Jan-1902 26-Oct-1983 Tarski's indefinability theorem
Edward Tatum
Scientist
14-Dec-1909 7-Nov-1975 One gene, one enzyme theory
Henry Taube
Chemist
30-Nov-1915 16-Nov-2005 Mechanisms of electron transfer
Helen B. Taussig
Doctor
24-May-1898 20-May-1986 Mother of pediatric cardiology
Joseph H. Taylor, Jr.
Astronomer
24-Mar-1941   Co-Discovered first binary pulsar
Richard E. Taylor
Physicist
2-Nov-1929   Verified existence of quarks
Howard M. Temin
Scientist
10-Dec-1934 9-Feb-1994 Tumor viruses and host genetics
Frederick Terman
Scientist
7-Jun-1900 19-Dec-1982 Stanford Research Park
Lewis Terman
Psychologist
15-Jan-1877 21-Dec-1956 Intelligence tests
Norman Thagard
Astronaut
3-Jul-1943   Shuttle astronaut
Hugo Theorell
Scientist
6-Jul-1903 15-Aug-1982 Oxidation enzymes
E. Donnall Thomas
Scientist
15-Mar-1920 20-Oct-2012 Bone marrow transplants
Lewis Thomas
Doctor
25-Nov-1913 3-Dec-1993 The Lives of a Cell
Ken Thompson
Computer Programmer
4-Feb-1943   Co-creator of UNIX
Lonnie Thompson
Scientist
1-Jul-1948   Paleoclimatologist, glaciologist
Elihu Thomson
Inventor
29-Mar-1853 13-Mar-1937 Electric welding and A/C motors
Shirley M. Tilghman
Educator
17-Sep-1946   President of Princeton University
Stephen Timoshenko
Engineer
23-Dec-1878 29-May-1972 Mechanical engineering professor at Stanford
Samuel C. C. Ting
Physicist
27-Jan-1936   Co-Discoverer of J/psi meson
Arne Tiselius
Chemist
10-Aug-1902 29-Aug-1971 Electrophoresis
Alexander R. Todd
Chemist
2-Oct-1907 10-Jan-1997 Nucleic acid, nucleotides
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
Physicist
31-Mar-1906 8-Jul-1979 Quantum electrodynamics
Charles H. Townes
Physicist
28-Jul-1915 27-Jan-2015 Invention of the maser and laser
Roger Y. Tsien
Scientist
1-Feb-1952   Green Fluorescent Protein
Daniel C. Tsui
Physicist
28-Feb-1939   Fractional quantum Hall effect
Merle Tuve
Physicist
27-Jun-1901 20-May-1982 Proximity fuse
Amos Tversky
Psychologist
16-Mar-1937 2-Jun-1996 Cognitive psychologist, studied risks
Neil deGrasse Tyson
Astronomer
5-Oct-1958   Astrophysicist
Harold C. Urey
Chemist
29-Apr-1893 5-Jan-1981 Discovered Deuterium
Wylie Vale, Jr.
Doctor
3-Jul-1941 3-Jan-2012 Endocrinologist at Salk Institute
James Van Allen
Astronomer
7-Sep-1914 9-Aug-2006 Discovered the Van Allen Belt
John H. van Vleck
Physicist
13-Mar-1899 27-Oct-1980 Quantum theory of paramagnetism
John R. Vane
Scientist
29-Mar-1927 19-Nov-2004 Prostaglandins
Harold E. Varmus
Scientist
18-Dec-1939   Genetic causes of cancer
William Vickrey
Economist
21-Jun-1914 11-Oct-1996 Asymmetric information in economics
Vincent du Vigneaud
Chemist
18-May-1901 11-Dec-1978 Synthesized vasopressin and oxytocin
Andrew J. Viterbi
Engineer
9-Mar-1935   Viterbi Algorithm
John von Neumann
Mathematician
28-Dec-1903 8-Feb-1957 Computing pioneer, inventor of Game Theory
Johannes Diderik van der Waals
Physicist
23-Nov-1837 9-Mar-1923 Investigated states of matter
George Wald
Biologist
18-Nov-1906 12-Apr-1997 Physiology of the retina
Margaret Floy Washburn
Psychologist
25-Jul-1871 29-Oct-1939 First female American psychologist
James Craig Watson
Astronomer
28-Jan-1838 23-Nov-1880 Claimed to discover the planet Vulcan
Alvin M. Weinberg
Physicist
20-Apr-1915 18-Oct-2006 Nuclear scientist
Steven Weinberg
Physicist
3-May-1933   Electroweak Theory
Victor Weisskopf
Physicist
19-Sep-1908 21-Apr-2002 Head of CERN, 1961-65
William H. Welch
Scientist
8-Apr-1850 30-Apr-1934 Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
George M. Whitesides
Chemist
3-Aug-1939   Harvard chemist, highest H-Index
Carl E. Wieman
Physicist
26-Mar-1951   Bose-Einstein Condensates
Norbert Wiener
Mathematician
26-Nov-1894 18-Mar-1964 Cybernetics
Eric F. Wieschaus
Scientist
8-Jun-1947   Embryonic development of fruit flies
Torsten N. Wiesel
Scientist
3-Jun-1924   Neurophysiology of vision
Jeffrey Wigand
Scientist
17-Dec-1942   Tobacco industry whistleblower
Eugene Wigner
Physicist
17-Nov-1902 1-Jan-1995 Law of conservation of parity
Frank Wilczek
Physicist
15-May-1951   Deep structure of matter
Geoffrey Wilkinson
Chemist
14-Jul-1921 26-Sep-1996 Organometallic "sandwich" compounds
R. Sanders Williams
Educator
1948   Dean of Duke's Medical School
Oliver E. Williamson
Economist
27-Sep-1932   Transaction cost economics
Edward O. Wilson
Biologist
10-Jun-1929   Father of Sociobiology
Kenneth G. Wilson
Physicist
8-Jun-1936 15-Jun-2013 Second-order phase transitions
Robert Woodrow Wilson
Astronomer
10-Jan-1936   Detected primordial radiation
William Julius Wilson
Sociologist
20-Dec-1935   Poverty in America's inner cities
Edward Witten
Physicist
26-Aug-1951   String theorist at Princeton
Robert B. Woodward
Chemist
10-Apr-1917 8-Jul-1979 Synthesized cholesterol, Vitamin B12, etc.
Kurt Wüthrich
Chemist
4-Oct-1938   Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Joe B. Wyatt
Educator
c. 1935   Chancellor of Vanderbilt University, 1982-2000
Rosalyn Sussman Yalow
Physicist
19-Jul-1921 30-May-2011 Developed radioimmunoassay technique
Janet L. Yellen
Economist
13-Aug-1946   Federal Reserve Chair
Ada E. Yonath
Scientist
22-Jun-1939   Cryocrystallography
Hideki Yukawa
Physicist
23-Jan-1907 8-Sep-1981 Predicted existence of mesons
Ahmed H. Zewail
Chemist
26-Feb-1946   Femtochemistry
Hans Zinsser
Scientist
17-Nov-1878 4-Sep-1940 Typhus vaccine


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