PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION

Founded 1724 as St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Became USSR Academy of Sciences in 1925, re-named Russian Academy of Sciences in 1991, after the collapse of the USSR.

Founding Date:
1724

Name	Occupation	Birth	Death	Known for
Alexei A. Abrikosov	Physicist	25-Jun-1928		Particle physicist, explored superconductivity
Zhores I. Alferov	Scientist	15-Mar-1930		Developed solar cells for the Sputnik program
Hannes Alfvén	Physicist	30-May-1908	2-Apr-1995	Renegade Swedish astrophysicist
Francis W. Aston	Chemist	1-Sep-1877	20-Nov-1945	Invented the mass spectograph
Sergei Averintsev	Author	10-Dec-1937	21-Feb-2004	Myth of the Peoples of the World
Nikolay G. Basov	Physicist	14-Dec-1922	1-Jul-2001	Invention of the maser and laser
Boris Berezovsky	Business	23-Jan-1946	23-Mar-2013	Russian oligarch, Putin critic
Paul Berg	Chemist	30-Jun-1926		Pioneer in recombinant DNA
Sune K. Bergström	Scientist	10-Jan-1916	15-Aug-2004	Prostaglandins
Max Born	Physicist	11-Dec-1882	5-Jan-1970	Pioneer of quantum mechanics
Walter Bradford Cannon	Scientist	19-Oct-1871	1-Oct-1945	Fight or flight response
Pavel A. Cherenkov	Physicist	15-Jul-1904	6-Jan-1990	Cherenkov radiation
Claude Cohen-Tannoudji	Physicist	1-Apr-1933		Trapped atoms with laser light
Paul J. Crutzen	Physicist	3-Dec-1933		Ozone depletion
Peter Debye	Physicist	24-Mar-1884	2-Nov-1966	Studied molecular structure, dipoles
Paul Dirac	Physicist	8-Aug-1902	20-Oct-1984	The Principles of Quantum Mechanics
Richard R. Ernst	Chemist	14-Aug-1933		NMR spectroscopy
Leo Esaki	Physicist	12-Mar-1925		Electron tunneling
Hans von Euler-Chelpin	Chemist	15-Feb-1873	7-Nov-1964	Enzymes of sugar fermentation
Ilya M. Frank	Physicist	23-Oct-1908	22-Jun-1990	Cherenkov radiation
Andre Geim	Physicist	Oct-1958		Super-thin carbon physics
Israel Gelfand	Mathematician	2-Sep-1913	5-Oct-2009	Banach algebras, Lie groups
Murray Gell-Mann	Physicist	15-Sep-1929		Quarks and strangeness
Vitaly L. Ginzburg	Physicist	4-Oct-1916	8-Nov-2009	Type-II superconductors
Sheldon Glashow	Physicist	5-Dec-1932		Electroweak Theory
Charles Édouard Guillaume	Physicist	15-Feb-1861	13-Jun-1938	Invented alloys Invar and Elinvar
Jacques-Salomon Hadamard	Mathematician	8-Dec-1865	17-Oct-1963	Prime number theorem
Alan J. Heeger	Physicist	22-Jan-1936		Metallic polymers
Gustav Hertz	Physicist	22-Jul-1887	30-Oct-1975	Franck-Hertz experiment
George W. Hill	Astronomer	3-Mar-1838	16-Apr-1914	A New Theorie of Jupiter and Saturn
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	Chemist	12-May-1910	29-Jul-1994	Determined structure of Vitamin B12
Jules A. Hoffmann	Biologist	2-Aug-1941		Innate immunity
Roald Hoffmann	Chemist	18-Jul-1937		Woodward-Hoffmann reaction
Nick Holonyak	Physicist	3-Nov-1928		Light-emitting diodes
Leonid Vitalyevich Kantorovich	Mathematician	19-Jan-1912	7-Apr-1986	Linear programming
Pyotr Kapitsa	Physicist	8-Jul-1894	8-Apr-1984	Discovered superfluidity
Donald E. Knuth	Computer Programmer	10-Jan-1938		The Art of Computer Programming
Lev Landau	Physicist	22-Jan-1908	1-Apr-1968	Superfluidity of helium
Max von Laue	Physicist	9-Oct-1879	23-Apr-1960	X-ray crystallography
Alexander Lebedev	Business	16-Dec-1959		Russian oligarch, ex-KGB
David M. Lee	Physicist	20-Jan-1931		Superfluidity of helium-3
Anthony J. Leggett	Physicist	26-Mar-1938		Particle physicist, explored superfluidity
Jean-Marie Lehn	Chemist	30-Sep-1939		Synthesis of molecules
Lynn Margulis	Biologist	5-Mar-1935	22-Nov-2011	Origin of eukaryotic organelles
Dale Mortensen	Economist	2-Feb-1939	9-Jan-2014	Job creation and destruction
Hermann J. Muller	Scientist	21-Dec-1890	5-Apr-1967	Genetic effects of radiation
Giulio Natta	Chemist	26-Feb-1903	2-May-1979	Ziegler-Natta catalysts for polymerization
Louis Néel	Physicist	22-Nov-1904	17-Nov-2000	Magnetic properties of solids
Wilhelm Ostwald	Chemist	2-Sep-1853	4-Apr-1932	Ostwald's Law of Dilution and Conductivity
Linus Pauling	Chemist	28-Feb-1901	19-Aug-1994	Scientist and peacenik
John C. Polanyi	Chemist	23-Jan-1929		Infrared chemiluminescence
Cecil Powell	Physicist	5-Dec-1903	9-Aug-1969	Discovered the pi-meson
Vladimir Prelog	Chemist	23-Jul-1906	7-Jan-1998	Stereochemistry of enzyme-catalysts
Ilya Prigogine	Chemist	25-Jan-1917	28-May-2003	Theory of dissipative structures
Yevgeny Primakov	Head of State	29-Oct-1929	26-Jun-2015	Prime Minister of Russia, 1998-99
Aleksandr M. Prokhorov	Physicist	11-Jul-1916	8-Jan-2002	Invention of the maser and laser
C. N. R. Rao	Chemist	30-Jun-1934		Chemistry of superconductivity
Frederick Reines	Physicist	16-Mar-1918	26-Aug-1998	Co-Discover of the neutrino
Carlo Rubbia	Physicist	31-Mar-1934		Co-Discovered W and Z particles
Martin Ryle	Astronomer	27-Sep-1918	14-Oct-1984	Radio astronomer
Andrei Sakharov	Physicist	21-May-1921	14-Dec-1989	Developed the Soviet hydrogen bomb
Robert Schrieffer	Physicist	31-May-1931		BCS Theory of Superconductivity
Nikolay Semyonov	Chemist	15-Apr-1896	25-Sep-1986	Combustion, explosions, and chemical kinetics
Iosif S. Shklovskii	Astronomer	1-Jul-1916	3-Mar-1985	Synchrotron radiation of the Crab Nebula
Mikhail Sholokhov	Author	24-May-1905	21-Feb-1984	The Silent Don
Frederick Soddy	Chemist	2-Sep-1877	22-Sep-1956	Isotopes
Arnold Sommerfeld	Physicist	5-Dec-1868	26-Apr-1951	Fine-structure constant
Roger W. Sperry	Scientist	20-Aug-1913	17-Apr-1994	"Split brain" hemispheric neurophysiology
Rashid Sunyaev	Astronomer	1-Mar-1943		Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
Igor Y. Tamm	Physicist	8-Jul-1895	12-Apr-1971	Cherenkov radiation
Stephen Timoshenko	Engineer	23-Dec-1878	29-May-1972	Mechanical engineering professor at Stanford
Samuel C. C. Ting	Physicist	27-Jan-1936		Co-Discoverer of J/psi meson
Charles H. Townes	Physicist	28-Jul-1915	27-Jan-2015	Invention of the maser and laser
Georgy Voronoy	Mathematician	28-Apr-1868	20-Nov-1908	Voronoi diagram
Ahmed H. Zewail	Chemist	26-Feb-1946		Femtochemistry

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