| Herbert Kroemer  Born: 25-Aug-1928
Birthplace: Weimar, Germany
Gender: Male
Race or Ethnicity: White
Sexual orientation: Straight
Occupation: Physicist Nationality: Germany
Executive summary: Pioneer in laser technology German physicist Herbert Kroemer studied the physics of semiconductors and the technology of semiconductor devices. His best known work includes a 1957 paper proposing heterostructure (made from several dissimilar materials and/or with unequal band gaps) bipolar transistors, and a 1963 study which showed that, theoretically, a heterostructure transistor is superior to transistors made of only one kind of material. His work, augmented by the independent but related research and experiments of Zhores I. Alferov and Jack S. Kilby, has allowed the development of numerous new technologies, including bar-code readers, fiber-optics, laser pointers, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), satellite and wireless communications, and semiconductor lasers. With Alferov and Kilby, Kroemer shared the 2000 Nobel Prize for Physics.
He has also studied hot electron effects in the transistor, gallium arsenide Gunn diodes, molecular beam expitaxy, microwave device problems, negative-refraction effects in electromagnetic wave propagation, the physics of nanostructures, and superconducting niobium electrodes. Father: (gov't bureucrat)
Mother: (housewife)
Wife: Marie Louise Kroemer (m., five children)
University: University of Jena (attended 1947-48)
University: PhD Theoretical Physics, University of Göttingen (1952)
Teacher: Electrical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder (1968-76)
Professor: University of California at Santa Barbara (1976-)
EDS J.J. Ebers Award 1973
Heinrich Welker Medal 1982
IEEE Jack Morton Award 1986
EGU Alexander von Humboldt Medal 1994
Nobel Prize for Physics 2000 (with Zhores I. Alferov and Jack S. Kilby)
Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 2001
IEEE Medal of Honor 2002
Varian Research Physicist (1959-66)
RCA Research Physicist (1954-59)
German Postal Service Semiconductor Research (1952-54)
Siemens College work (1947-48)
American Physical Society Foreign Member
Electron Devices Society
IEEE 1970
National Academy of Engineering Foreign Associate, 1997
National Academy of Sciences Foreign Associate, 2003
German Ancestry
Asteroid Namesake 24751 Kroemer
Author of books:
Thermal Physics (1980, with Charles Kittel)
Quantum Mechanics for Engineering, Materials Science, and Applied Physics (1994)
Selected Works of Professor Herbert Kroemer (2008)
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